Apache HTTP Server
The Apache HTTP Server, colloquially called Apache, is a free and open-source cross-platform web server software. Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation.
Virtual Hosts
The term Virtual Host refers to the practice of running more than one web site (such as company1.example.com and company2.example.com) on a single instance of Apache. Virtual hosts can be IP-based, meaning that you have a different IP address for every web site, or name-based, meaning that you have multiple names running on each IP address. The fact that they are running on the same physical server is not apparent to the end user.
See: Apache Virtual Host Setup on Debian Buster
See: XAMPP Setup
Apache Configuration
apache.conf
.htacces
- https://hostpresto.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-htaccess-with-apache/
- https://help.dreamhost.com/hc/en-us/articles/216363167-How-do-I-deny-access-to-my-site-with-an-htaccess-file-
Configuration Directives
VirtualHost
ServerName
ServerAlias
ServerPath
Apache Commands
Status
See the virtual hosts status on Apache:
/usr/sbin/apache2ctl -S
Get the Apache version number:
/usr/sbin/apache2 -v
Use the status command to check Apache. This gives a nice overview of the current status of the application, and notifications about problems and any actions that may be required.
sudo systemctl status apache2 --no-pager
NOTE: --no-pager tells systemctl to just print the details and bypass going into the “edit mode”. You can press q to exit edit mode.
Start and Stop
Stop Apache from running:
sudo systemctl stop apache2
Start Apache running (when it is stopped):
sudo systemctl start apache2
Stop and then start Apache again:
sudo systemctl restart apache2
For configuration changes, Apache can often reload without dropping connections:
sudo systemctl reload apache2
By default, Apache is configured to start automatically when the server boots. If this is not desired, disable this behavior:
sudo systemctl disable apache2
To re-enable Apache to start at boot:
sudo systemctl enable apache2
Enable or Disable a Site
A website (virtual host) must be enabled for Apache to recognize it.
To enable a site, its configuration file (apache.conf) must be symlinked to the /etc/apache2/sites-available directory.
sudo ln -s ../../../path/to/apache.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/myapp.conf
The site can then be enabled with:
sudo a2ensite myapp
Test the configuration:
sudo apachectl configtest
Reload Apache to make it pick-up the new enabled site.
sudo systemctl restart apache2
The site can be disabled by running:
sudo a2dissite myapp
Then restart Apache.